9 An Investigation into the relationship between frequent AI use and English proficiency in Portfolio-Based learning among non-English majors

Abstract

ABSTRACT— This study explores the relationship between AI use frequency and English proficiency improvement among non-English majors at Cao Thang Technical College, situated within the context of portfolio-based English language learning. Data were obtained from 107 valid respondents through closed- and open-ended questionnaire items and were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach, incorporating descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and thematic analysis. The results revealed significant positive correlations between AI use frequency and English GPA (r = .630, p < .01). The strongest gains appeared in reading (r = .962) and writing (r = .821), while speaking (r = .557) and listening (r = .249) showed lower but meaningful correlations. Qualitative findings indicated that AI tools such as ChatGPT supported grammar accuracy, vocabulary growth, and idea development, but offered limited assistance for spontaneous communication and authentic speaking practice. Overall, the study demonstrates AI’s potential to enhance accuracy and feedback efficiency while emphasizing the importance of guided use to prevent overreliance and to sustain balanced language development and learner autonomy.

Keywords — AI use frequency, Portfolio-based learning and assessment, Language proficiency improvement, Non-English majors, Vocational college